EnglishClub.com ESL Progress
May 2008
ISSN14751356
Welcome to ESL Progress
Dear EnglishClub.com Member

Welcome to this month's ESL Progress! This month you can learn how to use quotation marks ("...") in writing (or speaking!) English. We also have a new writing exercises for you, as well as a Talking Point Discussion on the very important and topical subject of "Biofuels" - blamed today for contributing to a world food shortage. You'll also find links to featured ESL blogs that some of you have been creating. Check out an interesting new Site of the Month and test yourself too with Quick Quiz. As always there is the latest news, lesson plan, jobs and business opportunities for teachers and schools.

Happy Progress!
Josef Essberger, Founder
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This Month's Lesson Lesson

Quotation Marks

We use quotation marks to show (or mark) the beginning and end of a word or phrase that is somehow special or comes from outside the text that we are writing. Quotation marks can be double ("...") or single ('...') - that is really a matter of style (but see below for more about this).

quotation marks

Quotation marks are also called "quotes" or "inverted commas".

1. Use quotation marks around the title or name of a book, film, ship etc:
  • The second most popular book of all time, "Quotations from the Works of Mao Tse-tung", has sold over 800,000,000 copies and was formerly known as "The Red Book".

  • 'Titanic' is a 1997 movie directed by James Cameron about the sinking of the ship 'Titanic'.
Read on for more examples of how to use quotation marks
Latest Talking Point

Are biofuels the answer to the energy question?

Where do biofuels come from?

Allegedly the fuels of the future and a green alternative to traditional fossil fuels, biofuels are made from plants such as sugar cane and maize (or corn) and oil-rich plants like palms and soya beans. They can be used on their own or mixed with conventional fuels such as petrol.

What are the advantages of biofuels?

Biofuels have been hailed as the environmentally-friendly answer to the energy crisis because it is said that they are much 'greener' than the fuels we have been burning to produce energy in recent history. For example, coal and petrol. Biofuels are alleged to be carbon-neutral which means that the quantity of carbon dioxide they produce when burnt to produce energy is only equal to, and not greater than, the amount of CO2 they use up while growing. So their carbon-footprint is exemplary. Traditional fossil fuels, on the other hand, produce a lot of carbon dioxide during combustion and so leave a very large carbon-footprint, polluting the atmosphere. Some say that a quarter of global greenhouse emissions can be blamed on transport exhaust fumes.

What are the disadvantages of biofuels?

There is a school of scientific thought which states that biofuels are not as green as we think. It has been pointed out that in farming these bio-fuel-producing plants tractors are needed to plough the fields and harvest the crops; chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides etc. need to be applied to the plants and, once harvested, the crops need to be processed in factories before the end product can be distributed by transporting it to the customer. Some people go as far as to say that certain biofuels require more energy to be produced than they are capable of producing!

Another disadvantage, according to some, is that huge tracts of land are needed to produce the crops for biofuels. This can threaten the amount of land available for food production. If there is less land being cultivated for food purposes then the price of food itself may be affected. Food prices may rise.

Summary

In theory it isn't so strange to entertain the idea of cars running on plant or animal oil. It is perhaps surprising to discover that motor-car pioneers like Henry Ford actually designed cars which could run on fuel made from plants. In fact the only reason they didn't take off was apparently because the oil available from the Middle East was much cheaper in those days than the bio-alternative! Nowadays, however, the situation has altered and 'driven' engineers in the motor industry to research the bio-alternatives once more in search of the answer to the fuel question: what can we use instead of fossil fuels?

--
Each month we have a new Talking Point and invite your views and opinions. Just follow the link below to say what you think.

This month's Talking Point is:

"Biofuels are the answer to the energy question. Do YOU agree?"

Say what YOU think...
Quick Quiz Quiz

Everybody said it was a great party. I wish that

a) I have gone
b) I had gone
c) I had went

See end of newsletter for answer
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This Month's Lesson Plan Lesson Plan

Talking Point: Biofuels
A very topical subject for your students to get their teeth into. Relevant vocabulary is introduced, explained and practised through carefully tailored exercises, enabling students to consolidate their understanding of words associated with the topic. A gap-fill activity provides the opportunity for students to practise forming questions with the new vocabulary and to start a topic-related conversation.

Download lesson plan...

Each Talking Point worksheet is available for download as a PDF file that you can view in the free Adobe Acrobat Reader. Each worksheet can be easily printed and is freely photocopiable.
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Answer to Quick Quiz
b) I had gone

This is a level 3 question and answer from Word Up, the ESL board game that's fun to play at home or at school. Learn more here...
In This Issue
NEWS FOR LEARNERS
This Month's Lesson
Latest Talking Point
Quick Quiz
NEWS FOR TEACHERS
Lesson Plan
Latest ESL Jobs
Schools For Sale
English Prepositions List
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